Hyderabad - Wikipedia. Hyderabad. Metropolis. Nickname(s): City of Pearls.
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Location of Hyderabad in Telangana, India. Coordinates: 1. 7. At an average altitude of 5. Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes, including Hussain Sagar—predating the city's founding—north of the city centre. Established in 1. Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, Hyderabad remained under the rule of the Qutb Shahi dynasty for nearly a century before the Mughals captured the region. In 1. 72. 4, Mughal viceroy Asif Jah I declared his sovereignty and created his own dynasty, known as the Nizams of Hyderabad.
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The Nizam's dominions became a princely state during the British Raj, and remained so for 1. The city continued as the capital of Hyderabad State after it was brought into the Indian Union in 1. Andhra Pradesh after the States Reorganisation Act, 1. Since 1. 95. 6, Rashtrapati Nilayam in the city has been the winter office of the President of India. In 2. 01. 4, the newly formed state of Telangana split from Andhra Pradesh and the city became joint capital of the two states, a transitional arrangement scheduled to end by 2. Relics of Qutb Shahi and Nizam rule remain visible today; the Charminar—commissioned by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah—has come to symbolise Hyderabad.
Golconda fort is another major landmark. The influence of Mughlai culture is also evident in the region's distinctive cuisine, which includes Hyderabadi biryani and Hyderabadi haleem. The Qutb Shahis and Nizams established Hyderabad as a cultural hub, attracting men of letters from different parts of the world.
Hyderabad emerged as the foremost centre of culture in India with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the mid- 1. Indian subcontinent.
The Telugu film industry based in the city is the country's second- largest producer of motion pictures. Hyderabad was historically known as a pearl and diamond trading centre, and it continues to be known as the .
Many of the city's traditional bazaars remain open, including Laad Bazaar, Begum Bazaar and Sultan Bazaar. Industrialisation throughout the 2. Indian manufacturing, research and financial institutions, including Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, the National Geophysical Research Institute and the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology. Special economic zones dedicated to information technology have encouraged companies from India and around the world to set up operations in Hyderabad. The emergence of pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries in the 1. India's . With an output of US$7. Hyderabad is the fifth- largest contributor to India's overall gross domestic product.
History. She converted to Islam and adopted the title Hyder Mahal. The city was renamed Hyderabad in her honour. This lasted until 1. Kakatiya dynasty was annexed by Malik Kafur, Allaudin Khilji's general. The Hyderabad area was under the control of the Musunuri Nayaks at this time, who, however, were forced to cede it to the Bahmani Sultanate in 1. The Bahmani kings ruled the region until 1.
Muslim rulers of the Deccan. Following the introduction of railways in the 1. In 1. 71. 4 Farrukhsiyar, the Mughal emperor, appointed Asif Jah I to be Viceroy of the Deccan, with the title Nizam- ul- Mulk (Administrator of the Realm). Subsequent rulers retained the title Nizam ul- Mulk and were referred to as Asif Jahi Nizams, or Nizams of Hyderabad. The accession of Asif Jah II, who reigned from 1. In 1. 76. 8 he signed the treaty of Machilipatnam, surrendering the coastal region to the East India Company in return for a fixed annual rent.
With the introduction of railways in the 1. Hussain Sagar Lake. The Nizams ruled their princely state from Hyderabad during the British Raj. On 1. 7 September that year, the Indian Army took control of Hyderabad State after an invasion codenamed Operation Polo. With the defeat of his forces, Nizam VII capitulated to the Indian Union by signing an Instrument of Accession, which made him the Rajpramukh (Princely Governor) of the state until 3. October 1. 95. 6.
Ambedkar, then chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution, proposed designating the city of Hyderabad as the second capital of India because of its amenities and strategic central location. Hyderabad state was split into three parts, which were merged with neighbouring states to form the modern states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The nine Telugu- and Urdu- speaking districts of Hyderabad State in the Telangana region were merged with the Telugu- speaking Andhra State to create Andhra Pradesh. Several protests, known collectively as the Telangana movement, attempted to invalidate the merger and demanded the creation of a new Telangana state. Major actions took place in 1. On 3 October 2. 01.
Union Cabinet approved the proposal. With the final assent of the President of India in June 2. Telangana state was formed.
Examples include artificial lakes created by dams on the Musi, such as Hussain Sagar (built in 1. Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar.
The highest temperature ever recorded was 4. As of 2. 01. 6, the tree cover is 1.
Nehru Zoological Park, the city's one large zoo, is the first in India to have a lion and tiger safari park. Hyderabad has three national parks (Mrugavani National Park, Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park and Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park), and the Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary is about 5. Hyderabad's other environmental reserves are: Kotla Vijayabhaskara Reddy Botanical Gardens, Shamirpet Lake, Hussain Sagar, Fox Sagar Lake, Mir Alam Tank and Patancheru Lake, which is home to regional birds and attracts seasonal migratory birds from different parts of the world. As stipulated in sections 3 and 1. Reorganisation Act, city MLAs are members of Telangana state assembly.
Local government. The corporators elect the Mayor, who is the titular head of GHMC; executive powers rest with the Municipal Commissioner, appointed by the state government. The GHMC carries out the city's infrastructural work such as building and maintenance of roads and drains, town planning including construction regulation, maintenance of municipal markets and parks, solid waste management, the issuing of birth and death certificates, the issuing of trade licences, collection of property tax, and community welfare services such as mother and child healthcare, and pre- school and non- formal education.
Each zone is headed by a deputy commissioner. The HMDA is an apolitical urban planning agency that covers the GHMC and its suburbs, extending to 5. It coordinates the development activities of GHMC and suburban municipalities and manages the administration of bodies such as the Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (HMWSSB). The Lower City Civil Court and the Metropolitan Criminal Court are under the jurisdiction of the High Court. In 2. 00. 5, the HMWSSB started operating a 1.
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam to meet increasing demand. Only 6. 1% of children had been provided with all basic vaccines (BCG, measles and full courses of polio and DPT), fewer than in all other surveyed cities except Meerut. Hyderabad is home to a unique dialect of Urdu called Hyderabadi Urdu, which is a type of Dakhini, and is the mother tongue of most Hyderabadi Muslims, a unique community who owe much of their history, language, cuisine, and culture to Hyderabad, and the various dynasties who previously ruled. Hadhrami Arabs, African Arabs, Armenians, Abyssinians, Iranians, Pathans and Turkish people are also present; these communities, of which the Hadhrami are the largest, declined after Hyderabad State became part of the Indian Union, as they lost the patronage of the Nizams. Muslims form a very large minority, and are present throughout the city and predominate in and around the Old City.
There are also Christian, Sikh, Jain, Buddhist and Parsi communities and iconic temples, mosques and churches can be seen. A third of the slums have basic service connections, and the remainder depend on general public services provided by the government.