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The Star- Spangled Banner - Wikipedia. The lyrics come from . Key was inspired by the large American flag, the Star- Spangled Banner, flying triumphantly above the fort during the American victory. The poem was set to the tune of a popular British song written by John Stafford Smith for the Anacreontic Society, a men's social club in London.
Set to Key's poem and renamed . With a range of one octave and one fifth (a semitone more than an octave and a half), it is known for being difficult to sing. Although the poem has four stanzas, only the first is commonly sung today. President Woodrow Wilson in 1.
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U. S. C. Their objective was to secure an exchange of prisoners, one of whom was Dr. William Beanes, the elderly and popular town physician of Upper Marlboro and a friend of Key's who had been captured in his home. Beanes was accused of aiding the arrest of British soldiers. Key and Skinner boarded the British flagship. HMS Tonnant on September 7 and spoke with Major General Robert Ross and Vice Admiral Alexander Cochrane over dinner while the two officers discussed war plans.
At first, Ross and Cochrane refused to release Beanes, but relented after Key and Skinner showed them letters written by wounded British prisoners praising Beanes and other Americans for their kind treatment. Because Key and Skinner had heard details of the plans for the attack on Baltimore, they were held captive until after the battle, first aboard HMS Surprise and later back on HMS Minden. After the bombardment, certain British gunboats attempted to slip past the fort and effect a landing in a cove to the west of it, but they were turned away by fire from nearby Fort Covington, the city's last line of defense. During the rainy night, Key had witnessed the bombardment and observed that the fort's smaller . On the morning of September 1. During the bombardment, HMS Terror and HMS Meteor provided some of the . This flag, with fifteen stars and fifteen stripes, had been made by Mary Young Pickersgill together with other workers in her home on Baltimore's Pratt Street.
The flag later came to be known as the Star- Spangled Banner and is today on display in the National Museum of American History, a treasure of the Smithsonian Institution. It was restored in 1. Amelia Fowler, and again in 1. Aboard the ship the next day, Key wrote a poem on the back of a letter he had kept in his pocket. At twilight on September 1. Skinner were released in Baltimore. He completed the poem at the Indian Queen Hotel, where he was staying, and titled it .
The song, known as . According to British historian Robin Blackburn, the words . The American forces included African- Americans as well as whites. The term 'freemen,' whose heroism is celebrated in the fourth stanza, would have encompassed both. Nicholson who saw that the words fit the popular melody . This was the official song of the Anacreontic Society, an 1.
London. Nicholson took the poem to a printer in Baltimore, who anonymously made the first known broadside printing on September 1. On September 2. 0, both the Baltimore Patriot and The American printed the song, with the note .
The song quickly became popular, with seventeen newspapers from Georgia to New Hampshire printing it. Soon after, Thomas Carr of the Carr Music Store in Baltimore published the words and music together under the title . Thomas Carr's arrangement introduced the raised fourth which became the standard deviation from . Washington Irving, then editor of the Analectic Magazine in Philadelphia, reprinted the song in November 1. By the early 2. 0th century, there were various versions of the song in popular use. Seeking a singular, standard version, President Woodrow Wilson tasked the U.
S. Bureau of Education with providing that official version. In response, the Bureau enlisted the help of five musicians to agree upon an arrangement. Those musicians were Walter Damrosch, Will Earhart, Arnold J.
Gantvoort, Oscar Sonneck and John Philip Sousa. The standardized version that was voted upon by these five musicians premiered at Carnegie Hall on December 5, 1. Edward Elgar's Carillon and Gabriel Piern. The concert was put on by the Oratorio Society of New York and conducted by Walter Damrosch. Colonel Caleb Carlton, Post Commander, established the tradition that the song be played .
Lamont issued an order that it . Tracy signed General Order #3. The playing of the song two years later during the seventh- inning stretch of Game One of the 1. World Series, and thereafter during each game of the series is often cited as the first instance that the anthem was played at a baseball game. Watch Phoenix Forgotten (2017) Movie Stream.
In any case, the tradition of performing the national anthem before every baseball game began in World War II. Congressman from Maryland, introduced a bill to officially recognize . Voss, Philadelphia: G.
Andre & Co., 1. Additional Civil War period lyrics. In indignation over the start of the American Civil War, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. Humorist Richard Armour referred to the song's difficulty in his book It All Started With Columbus. In an attempt to take Baltimore, the British attacked Fort Mc.
Henry, which protected the harbor. Bombs were soon bursting in air, rockets were glaring, and all in all it was a moment of great historical interest. During the bombardment, a young lawyer named Francis Off Key . The pre- recording of the anthem has become standard practice at some ballparks, such as Boston's Fenway Park, according to the SABR publication The Fenway Project. The National Hockey League and Major League Soccer both require venues in both the U. S. The Buffalo Sabres of the NHL, which play in a city on the Canada–US border and have a substantial Canadian fan base, play both anthems before all home games regardless of where the visiting team is based.
On September 1. 2, 2. Queen broke with tradition and allowed the Band of the Coldstream Guards to perform the anthem at Buckingham Palace, London, at the ceremonial Changing of the Guard, as a gesture of support for Britain's ally. Paul's Cathedral memorial service, the Queen joined in the singing of the anthem, an unprecedented occurrence. A particularly significant celebration occurred during the week of September 1. Baltimore, Maryland. Highlights included playing of a new arrangement of the anthem arranged by John Williams and participation of President Obama on Defender's Day, September 1. Fort Mc. Henry. He created a nationwide uproar when he strummed a slow, blues- style rendition of the song.
The response from many in the Vietnam War- era U. S. Despite the controversy, Feliciano's performance opened the door for the countless interpretations of the . In 1. 99. 3, Kiss did an instrumental rock version as the closing track on their album, Alive III.
Another famous instrumental interpretation is Jimi Hendrix's version, which was a set- list staple from autumn 1. September 1. 97. 0, including a famous rendition at the Woodstock music festival in 1. Incorporating sonic effects to emphasize the . Roseanne Barr gave a controversial performance of the anthem at a San Diego Padres baseball game at Jack Murphy Stadium on July 2. The comedian belted out a screechy rendition of the song, and afterward she attempted a gesture of ball players by spitting and grabbing her crotch as if adjusting a protective cup. The performance offended some, including the sitting U. S. President, George H.
David Lee Roth both referenced parts of the anthem and played part of a hard rock rendition of the anthem on his song, . Steven Tyler also caused some controversy in 2. Indianapolis 5. 00, to which he later issued a public apology) and again in 2. AFC Championship Game) with a cappella renditions of the song with changed lyrics.
The band Boston gave an instrumental rock rendition of the anthem on their Greatest Hits album. The band Crush 4. Thrill of the Feel (2.