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United Kingdom - Media Landscape. Introduction. The media landscape in the United Kingdom is large, complex and mature, arguably ranking second globally to that of the USA. This status is derived to some extent from the use of English as the primary natural language of production and content. Although none of the major global media conglomerates is based in the UK, a number of media organisations, notably Reuters and the BBC, have international standing in their own right. UK activities also contribute significantly to the operations of global conglomerates, such as News. Jesus (2017) Movie Dvd Quality.
Corp, Bertelsmann and Time Warner. A desire to be present in emerging global media markets led to increasing deregulation under both Conservative and Labour governments since 1. At the same time, UK media organisations have interests in many parts of the world. Since the late 1. Labour governments have attempted to elide the distinction between culture and commerce, leading to the adoption of the idea of the . The UK has also been affected by the general decline in consumption of traditional media, particularly newspapers, which has been evident in most developed countries.
The government objective is for the UK to be digital by 2. These trends have been accompanied by widespread and vociferous concerns about media quality.
The UK’s adult population numbers 4. Traditional Media. The UK is effectively saturated with traditional electronic media, Multi- television, multi- radio and multi- telephone households are commonplace. The four sectors are worth a total of about 1. British pounds (1.
The audiovisual media’s major defining characteristic is the existence of a strong public service broadcaster, the BBC supported by a universal compulsory television licence fee. Print Media. Perhaps the most distinguishing characteristic of the print media is the existence of a large national newspaper sector, comprised of 1. Sunday titles. In July 2. Sunday titles. These numbers were well below peaks reached in the late 1. The last half- century has been one of secular decline in national newspaper sales and readerships. Such was the state of circulation decline that in 2. Guardian Media, were actively considering closing The Observer (3.
Sunday newspaper. Closure of The Independent (1. The Independent on Sunday (1. For more than 2. 0 years, all the papers in the latter two categories have been tabloid in size. More recently, three of the . This change stimulated much debate over whether the national press was abandoning .
With Trinity Mirror (1. Northern and Shell (1. The five largest owners control 7. Of those, three (Trinity Mirror, Associated and Northcliffe) are also among the top four national newspaper companies.
In sum, then, all forms of newspaper ownership are heavily concentrated in three corporations (News International, Trinity Mirror and Daily Mail and General Trust/Northcliffe/Associated), amounting to 3. UK), some of them the largest circulating in their sectors. In all, around 4. More than 9. 0 percent circulate once (occasionally, twice) a week. Individual readerships are on the whole small.
This is the layer at which a distinctive press serving England, particularly London, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland is most evident. The biggest selling regional and local papers are published in Scotland. In the 1. 96. 0s evening newspapers were read in nine out of ten households in their circulation areas. In 2. 00. 6 many commentators believed they would soon cease to exist. Between 2. 00. 8 and 2.
The London Evening Standard, until recently the largest selling evening newspaper in the UK, was sold for a nominal sum, and in 2. By 2. 00. 3 total distributions of a series of Metro titles in British cities totaled 8. In response, some paid- for papers, such as the Evening Standard and Manchester Evening News started free . In September 2. 00. News International (owned by News. Corp) launched the free London Paper in competition with the Standard’s London Lite.
Many of these titles have since ceased publication, including the London Paper which closed in 2. The rate of decline (5 percent a year) has been five times as great in the regional and local press as it has in the national press. Newspapers account for about 2. There are between 8,8. About two- thirds are . Heat And Dust (2017) Theater Movie.
The former often have very small controlled circulations (mostly on subscription), while best- selling consumer titles have readerships of one million or more. Neither the very biggest selling titles, nor most of the business and professional periodicals are normally sold through news- stands. Nevertheless, the consumer magazines which are sold this way are the most visible part of the sector.
Only two magazines sold over the counter, What’s On TV (1. TV Choice (1. 3m) are among those with the largest circulations. The others are . Only 2. Unlike the newspaper industry, the magazine sector has a number of major European owners, such as H Bauer and Hachette Filipacchi. The largest seven publishers, which control circulations aggregating to about 2.
Hachette Filipacchi (- 6 percent); National Magazine Company (- 4. Cond. These address a wide range of cultural, ethnic, linguistic, religious, lifestyle, political, environmental and social areas. Radio. Radio has enjoyed a recent resurgence in popularity. More than 9. 0 percent of people over 1. However, it is national, rather than local, stations which have increased their popularity.
Radio is also characterised by a multi- faceted commercial presence alongside that of the BBC. About 3. 00 commercial radio stations broadcast across a number of platforms, the vast majority being local. The BBC’s Radio 2 had the largest single station weekly reach (1. Radio 1 reached 1. Classic FM, the largest single commercial station, reached 5. On the other hand, the reach of local commercial radio is greater than that of local BBC services. The largest commercial radio group, Global Radio, with 3.
A small number of large chains dominates the sector. These include Bauer Radio (1. GMG (5m). However, commercial radio advertising revenues have been declining since 2. They account for about 2. There are four main public service free- to- air broadcasters (the BBC . Three of these (ITV, Channel 4 and 5) carry advertising. UK television is also characterised by multi- channel provision, much of it subscription based, although the BBC has eight channels.
Nearly 5. 00 channels are available (including 3. BSky. B, controlled by News. Corp, is the major satellite provider. Freeview is a set- top box system jointly owned by the BBC, BSky. B and Crown Castle. Sky operates 2. 6 channels of its own, including nine movie channels and five sports channels.
Others available include those from the BBC, ITV, Channel 4 and 5, plus global offerings such as Cartoon Network, CNN, Discovery, DW- TV, Fox News, MTV, Nickelodeon, TCM and VH1. The BBC operates 1. A number of commercial multi- channel services have recently been withdrawn or cut back, the most notable of which was the closure of the UK business of Setanta Sports. It is funded through the collection of a universal licence fee (in 2. The main free- to- air commercial public service broadcaster, ITV, has about a 2. The number of cinema screens has increased annually since 2. The UK has the highest number of digital cinema screens in Europe (more than 3.
About 7. 0 screens have 3. D capability. About 6.
The numbers of companies involved in film and video production (7,9. By the international measure of . Its revenues are higher than those of all of the rest of Europe put together. Telecommunications. The UK telecommunications sector is characterized by the development of new technologies and services based on them. For the first time, in 2. UK. Revenues from mobile voice calls more than tripled in the decade to 2.
At the same time, revenues from fixed- line voice calls fell by 2. One in nine households has a mobile but no fixed- line connection. Mobile call minutes will overtake fixed- line calls on present trends in 2.